PEM Fuel Cells — Sweden

1 PEM fuel cell system companies in Sweden. PEMFC operates at 60-80°C with fast start-up (seconds), making it ideal for transport applications. System efficiency: 50-60%. Main suppliers: Toyota, Hyundai, Ballard Power, Symbio, Bosch. Stack degradation is the key reliability challenge — 25,000+ hour lifetimes are needed for heavy-duty trucks.